The
origin of Mughal painting in India traces back to around 16th century-18th
century. During this time period Mughals dominated a huge part of India.
Paintings of Mughal period or Mughal paintings developed and boomed during the
reign of Emperor Akbar, Jahangir and Shajahan. There is a fine blend of the
Indian and Persian style in Mughal paintings. A big number of themes were
depicted by Mughal paintings. Paintings that belong to Mughal era were rich as
far as their range is concerned. Mughal painting of India is an exquisite art
of creativity which has won numerous laurels to its name and that of India as
well. The grace and glamour of Mughal paintings is painted in the account that
follows.
History
of Mughal Painting
Mughal
paintings dawned during the time of Humayun. Praiseworthy Persian artists
Abd-us-samad and Mir-Sayyid Ali accompanied him on his return to India from
exile. These artists hold the credit for the growth of Mughal painting. The
latest example of the Mughal art style is the Tutinama painting-Tales of a
parrot. Currently, it is in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Another popular Mughal
painting is the ‘Princess of the House of Timur’ which is amongst the early
Mughal paintings redone several times.
Development
of Mughal Painting
It
was during the reigns of Akbar, Jahangir and Shajahan that Mughal paintings
richly prospered. Mughal paintings of early part of Mughal period are seen in a
specialist organization of a scriptorium or palace studio. The celebrated
painter Bihzad led the scriptorium. Scriptorium became a role model for the
scriptoria which was later built by Humayun and Akbar. Though Aurangzeb didn’t
encourage painting but it didn’t leave its momentum during his reign. During
Muhammad Shah Rangeela, there was a little revival of Mughal painting.
Themes
of Mughal Painting
Mughal
paintings portray a number of themes. Scenes these paintings included
portraits, events, and scenes of hunting, wild life, illustrating lovers in
warm postures and instances of battles and life of courts.
Mughal
Paintings during Akbar
Mughal
paintings greatly grew during the reign of Akbar. Numerous artists painted
under the supervision of Persian artists. As tales fascinated Akbar, the
paintings of his period reflect Ramayana, Mahabharata and Persian epics.
Naturalism accompanied by portraits, animal tales landscapes and the like was
depicted in Mughal paintings.
Mughal
Paintings during Jahangir
Jahangir
greatly supported various art forms, particularly paintings. His time period
witnessed excellent finish in brushwork along with the usage of subdued and
lighter colors. Main themes of these paintings revolved around the instances
from Jahangir’s life, flowers, portraits, animals, birds and the like. The most
celebrated examples of Mughal paintings consist of an illustrative
exemplification of Emperor Jahangir`s biography -Jahangirnama.
Mughal
Paintings during Shahjahan
Elegance
and sophistication of Mughal painting reached its pinnacle during the reign of
Shahjahan. Themes of paintings during this period centered around lovers in
musical parties, on terraces and gardens, gathering of ascetics around fire and
the like.
Artists
of Mughal Painting
Persian
artists Abdus Samad and Mir Sayid Ali were in charge of the regal atelier
during the early influential stages of Mughal painting. Various artists worked
on great commission, most of them were possible Hindu, as recorded names
suggest. Mughal painting touched new heights during late 16th and early 17th
centuries with impressive art works by master artists like Basawan, Lal, Kesu
Das, Daswanth and Miskin. Abu al-Hasan was a renowned painter and the Mughal
ruler of that time was Jahangir. Govardhan was a well-known painter during the
time of Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan. The sub-imperial school of Mughal
painting integrated artists like Kamal, Mushfiq, and Fazl.
Modern
Artists of Mughal Painting
Mughal
miniature paintings are being fashioned even today by some artists in Rajasthan
mainly concentrated in Jaipur. Though many of these miniatures are dexterous
copies of the originals, modern works with classic methods have been created by
some artists.
Among
the modern Mughal painting experts whom India recognized, the most outstanding
is Rafi Uddin. His younger brother Saif Uddin, has also become the most accepted
modern Mughal painter.
Some
other artists in Rajasthan are Ram Gopal Vijayvargiya, Kishan Mali Sharma,
Gopal Kamawat, Kaluram Panchal, Tilak Gitai, Mohammed Usman and Mohammed
Luqman, Ved Pal Sharma, Kailash Raj and the Joshi family.
Mughal
painting in India is a meticulous style of South Asian painting, usually
confined to miniatures as book images or as individual works to be kept in
albums, emerged from Persian miniature painting. Padshahnama is the most famed
book of Mughal miniature painting. This painting is eminent for its brilliance
and excellence.
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