Indian
history holds art, culture, dance, music, architecture, literary activities,
painting and sculpting. It is not just about battles, kings, revolutions and
struggles. Features of various arts and culture of India are the impact and
incorporation of numerous cultures that entered with their invaders. The Indian
style also evolved besides the foreign influences, particularly, in the sphere
of temple building. The account below talks about the features of Indian
sculpture. Check it out.
The
Features of Ancient Indian Sculpture
Features
of Indus Valley sculptures were entirely disjointedly dissimilar from the later
ages. The terracotta sculptures or architectural adornments of the style of
Indus Valley are unique.
Features
of Vedic Indian sculpture (1500 BC-200 AD were also unique but were rural.
Mauryans emerged in Magadha (North India). From about 545 BC to 550 AD Magadha
was the center of cultural activity. The features of the Mauryan sculpture were
mirrored mainly in the religious monuments that were erected during the
dynasty. Later the golden age of Guptas ushered in India. The features of Gupta
sculpture are found in the cave temples of India. These cave temples include
Ajanta and Ellora.
Features
of Buddhist Indian sculpture were leading in both these empires. As a matter of
fact a majority of the Magadha dynasties have the influence of Buddhism.
Therefore the art and architecture also demonstrate its authority. The features
of Magadhan sculpture and architecture as well bring a lot of variety to light
on forms of caves, pillars, and chaityas. Rock cut architecture also evolved in
India during the zenith of the Magadha dynasty.
The
South Indian temples witnessed a new-fangled sort of approach from 200 AD
onwards, whether this approach was with features of Chalukya sculptures or the
features of Pallava sculptures. The features of Badami Chalukya sculpture
developed a new expression for itself which gained fame as the Karnata Dravida
style. This was also popular as the Vesara architecture and sculpture. Idioms
of both -southern and northern temple building are combined in this style. This
mode was followed by some of the Western Chalukya temples. The features of
Western Chalukya sculptures over and over again incorporated the copiously
carved mandapdas, shikharas and outer walls.
On
the other hand the temple walls of North Indian temple progressed in heights.
Khajuraho temples were built during this time.
The
features of Hoysala sculpture and the features of Vijayanagar sculptures came
into existence from 1100 AD to 1526 AD. The Hoysala rulers were creative
builders at the same time as the Vijayanagar imaginative wizardry was
commemorated in the stone works at Hampi. The empire of majestic Cholas was
also celebrated for the architecture and sculpture works. The bronze images
were one of the major features of the Chola sculptures. The Chola bronze
sculptures were well-designed and put rhythmic movements on show. Another
ancient art of India included the features of Chola sculptures, features of
Pala sculptures, features of Kushan sculpture, features of Satavahana
sculptures, and the features of Rashtrakuta sculptures at a later stage and
then the features of Nayak Sculpture.
The
Features of Medieval Indian Sculpture
Features
of sculpture in medieval India differed radically from that of primeval India.
At this time Muslim rulers invaded India. The Persian art and architecture
greatly influenced the native style. With the establishment of the Slave
Dynasty in 1206 AD till 1526 AD saw the evolution of the features of Delhi
Sultanate sculptures and architectures. The tall pillars, tombs, arched
doorways, and minarets, merged with the Indian architecture. With this merger
the formation of Indo-Islamic sculptures and architecture came into being.
Persian
influence dissolved in the mainstream and largely affected the music, painting,
attire, cuisine, and dialect. Indo- Islamic style crucially affected the Rajput
architecture. The features of the Rajput sculptures hold evidence to this fact.
The architectural elements of the monuments of the Rajput display that they
were borrowed from Persian style of architecture. But the most luxurious
buildings came into existence under the rule of Mughal Emperors. Whether it is
the Taj Mahal- the monument celebrated worldwide or the Red Fort, the Mughals
openhandedly contributed to the growth of Indian art. The features of Mughal
sculpture and architecture would over and over again comprise of calligraphy,
well maintained gardens, broad and complicated stone works, and the recurrent
use of marble.
The
Features of Modern Indian Sculpture
Modern
Indian sculptures saw their origin from the Indo Saracenic sculptures. However
these sculptures have traveled a long way from the colonial sculptures in
India. The features of post-modern Indian sculptures and architectures will be
unrecognizable in the present day and age only if they are differenciated with
that of the ancient or medieval ones. With the course of time the style may
have undergone scores of changes and these days they have a global magnetism.
The
originality for which sculptures of India were wonderfully distinguished at a
time has not changed. At that time also India was blessed with astonishing
talents and the contemporary India is once again a powerhouse of architectural
and sculptural talent. Sculpture has gradually evolved into installations and
taken a modern character. No wonder, features of Indian sculpture are a source
of versatility and varied expression and continue to be the same.
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