An
imperative part of Indian art culture is dominated by sculptures in India.
Indian sculptures started from bronze and other stones. Sculpture of India has
its roots from the planet’s oldest Indus Valley Civilization to globally
celebrated modern Indian sculpture art. Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Islam
in later centuries, the sculptures of India went on a new path. Their impact
added beauty to complex carvings, caves, Stupas and other sacred buildings.
Amongst the most magnificent examples of Indian sculptures are Taj Mahal of
Agra and Khajuraho of M.P. History of Indian sculpture is as vast as their
variety.
History
of Sculpture in India
Records
of sculpture of India are as old as Indus Valley Civilization. The most
excellent example of this sculpture is the 3rd millennium Great Baths of
Mohenjo-Daro. At that time Terracotta and mud bricks were used for sculptures.
The time changed and so the forms of Indian sculpture and architecture. When
the new religious faith- Buddhism emerged, the brick constructions and
terracotta works were gradually replaced.
It
was during the reign of Maurya dynasty when characters and scenes were carved
from Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism to a lesser extent.
The
appearance of these sculptures seems as if the figures are posing for a
photograph. With all themes from the beginning, there are instances of Hindu
art's most enduring image: superb young women, full-breasted, nude and
frequently in some noticeably athletic pose. Such type of images can be seen in
famed temples of Khajuraho, of about 11th century AD. Seldom are they only
feminine attendants, but mostly they are legendary characters.
Indian
Sculpture in Early Centuries
Hindu
and Buddhist art fell into the same tradition. The splendid Buddhist carvings
on the Great Sanchi Stupa give the impression of completely being Hindu. But
Buddhist sculpture holds a nature of its own when the faith moves from India to
the northwest part of planet.
Gandhara
Sculpture
A
school of Buddhist sculpture is now in northwest Pakistan. It existed since1st
century AD. Its ancient name was Gandhara. This region of northwest Pakistan is
open to overseas influences incoming along the recently opened Silk Road. The
Roman and Greek practicality in art is one impact of this kind from the west.
This realism in Gandhara sculpture is delicately pooled with the confined
traditions of India to fabricate Buddhist images of a gracefully conventional
type.
Southern
Sculpture
Kingdoms
in south like Chola, Pallavas, Cheras, Pandyas, Nayaks and Chalukyas gave more
impetus and patronage to Indian temple sculpture. In Northern part of India,
the scenario was the very same. Though, there was difference in the basic
style. The North Indian temples have bee-hive shaped towers; the South Indian
forms follow the expressions of Dravidian art and sculptures. The ancient
Indian sculptures, consisted of religious buildings above all. Temples in
ancient India were heart of culture, art and knowledge.
Sculpture
by Muslims
Muslim
sculptures pioneered India to a completely different form of sculpture and
architecture. Thus, Medieval Indian Sculpture observed the creation of dome
shaped buildings. Other architectural components that augmented the beauty of
the religious places include chhatris, chaajas, jharokhas and the like.
Modern
Indian sculptures entirely drifted away from the Muslim sculptures. A variety
of Indian sculptures has survived in India. This variety consists of Bronze,
wooden, sand, stone and marble Indian sculptures. History of Indian cultures
has therefore went through numerous changes over the ages. While some of the
sculptures have endured the test of time, others stay behind just in form of
carcasses. The contemporary Indian sculptures pursue more international
expressions but the sources are intensely rooted in the Indian history of
sculpture and art. History of Indian sculpture is illustrious and broad and is
still creating new vocabulary.
कोई टिप्पणी नहीं:
एक टिप्पणी भेजें