गुरुवार, 28 मार्च 2013

Minerals and their Significance to a Human Body

Mineral Elements
Sources
Significance
Effects of deficiency.
Macro Elements
Calcium(Ca)#
Milk, cereals, Cheese, Green Vegetables.
Required for formation of teeth and Bones , blood clotting, function of nerves and muscles
Weak theeth and bones ; retarded body growth.
Phosphorus(P)
Weak theeth and bones ; retarded body growth and physiology.
Sulphur(S)
Many protiens of food.
Component of many amino acids.
Distributed protein metabolism.
Pottassium(K)
Meat, milk, cereals,fruits and vegetables.
Required for acid-base balance, water regulation nad function of nerevs..
Low blood pressure, weak muscles; risk of paralysis..
Chlorine(Cl)
Table salt
Required for acid base balance; component of gastric juice.
Loss of appetite; muscles cramps
Magnesium(Mg)
Cereals, green vegetables.
Cofactor of many enzymes of glycolysis anda number of another metabolic reactions dependent upon ATP
Irregularties of metabolism principally affecting nervous functions.
Iron(Fe)
Meat, eggs , cereals, green vegetables.
Component of haemoglobin and cytochromes.
Anaemia, weakness and weak immunity.
Iodine(I)
Milk, cheese, sea food, iodized salt
important component of thyroxine hormone
Goitre, Cretinism
Micro Elements
Fluorine(F)
Drinking water, tea , sea food
Maintence of bones and teeth.
Weak theeth, larger amount causes motting of teeth.
Zinc(Zn)
Cereals, Milk, eggs, meat, sea food
Cofactor of digestive and many other enzymes
Retarded growth, anaemia, rough skin, weak immunity and fertility
Copper(Cu)
Meat, dry fruits , POds , Green vegetables, sea food
Cofactor of cytochrome oxidase enzyme.Necessary for iron metabolism and development of blood vessels and connective tissues
Anaemia,weak blood vessels and connective tissues
Manganese(MN)
Dry fruits, cereals,tea fruits and green vegetables
Cofactor of some enzymes of urea synthesis and transfer of phosphate group
Irregular growth of bones, cartilages and connective tissues
Cobalt(Co)
MIlk, cheese, meat
Important component of vitamin B12
Anaemia
Selenium(SE)
Meat, cereals, sea food
Cofactor of many enzymes; assists vitamin E
Muscular pain; weakness ofcardiac muscles
Chromium(CR)
Yeast, sea food, meat, some vegetables
Important for catabolic metabolism
Irregularities of catabolic meatbolism and ATP production
Molybdenum(MO)
Cereals, pods, some vegetables
Cofactor of some enzymes
Irregular excreation of nitrogenous waste products
Vitamin
Chemical Name
Properties
Deficiency disease
A
Retinol
General health giving vitamin, can be stored liver
Night blindness
B1
Thiamine
For Growth,carbohydrate metabolism, functioning of heart
Beri-Beri
B2
Riboflavin
For Keeping skin and mouth healthy
Cheilosis
B5
Niacin
For healthy skin, sound mental health
Pellagra
B6
Pyridoxine
Processing of proteins and for nervous system
Convulsions in child
B12
Cynacobalamin
Required for formation and maturation of RBCs
Pernicious anaemia
C
Ascorbic Acid
For keeping teeth , gums and joints healthy .Gets destroyed on heating
Scurvy
D
Calciferol
For normal bones and teeth, can be stored in liver
Rickets
E
Tocopherol
For normal reproduction , removes scars and wrincles
Sterility
K
Phylloquinone
For normal clotting of blood
Haemophilia


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