• The Government of India has
accorded a high priority to the Sanitation Sector.
• In the 12th Plan an outlay of
Rs. 34,377 crores has been provided for rural sanitation as compared to Rs.
6540 crores in the 11th Plan, which is a significantly higher allocation (425%
higher than the 11th Plan).
• The goal is to achieve 100%
access to sanitation for all rural households in the Country by 2022 under the
NBA.
• Also as per 12th plan
objectives of NBA, 50% of all the Gram Panchayats are to become Nirmal Grams by
2017.
• Government of India started the
Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986 to provide sanitation
facilities in rural areas.
• It was simply a supply driven,
highly subsidy and infrastructure oriented programme.
• As a result of deficiencies and
low financial allocations, the CRSP had very little impact on the gargantuan
problem.
• The experience of community
-driven, awareness-generating campaign based programme in some states and the
results of evaluation of CRSP, led to theformulation of Total Sanitation Campaign
( TSC) approach in 1999.
• The TSC was started as a demand
driven, community-led programme with major IEC inputs to make sanitation a felt
need of the people.
• As per the Twelfth Plan Working
Group recommendation, the APL-BPL distinction and the very low incentive under
the TSC have played havoc with the programme.
• Many slip-backs in the NGP
villages have been attributed to non-availability of water, clearly indicating
need to synergize the drinking water and sanitation programme.
• Owing to above and to
accelerate the progress of sanitation in rural areas, The Government of India
has revamped the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) as theNirmal Bharat Abhiyan
(NBA) in the XIIth Five Year Plan.
• NBA is currently being
implemented in 607 rural districts across the country.
• NBA envisages covering the
entire community for saturated outcomes with a view to create Nirmal Gram
Panchayats.
Under NBA, following steps have been taken:
• A shift from motivating
individual household toilet construction to covering whole communities in a
Gram Panchayat saturation mode for holistic sanitation outcomes.
• The scope of providing
incentives for individual household latrine units has been widened to cover all
APL households who belong to SCs, STs, small and marginal farmers, landless
labourers with homesteads, physically challenged and women headed households
along-with all BPL households.
• Financial incentive for
construction of toilets has been raised for all eligible beneficiaries to Rs.
4600/- from the earlier amount of Rs 3200/-.under NBA.
• In addition upto Rs. 4500/- can
be spent under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme for
construction of the toilet.
• Along-with beneficiary
contribution of Rs. 900/-, the total amount of Rs. 10000/- is now available for
construction of toilets, which in the case of hilly and difficult areas is Rs.
10500/-.
• More emphasis on Information
Education Communication (IEC) by earmarking 15% of the total outlay of district
projects for IEC activities.
• With a view to give thrust to a
new approach towards IEC, the Ministry has launched a Communication and
Advocacy Strategy (2012-2017).
• Conjoint approach with National
Rural Drinking Water Programme(NRDWP) to ensure water availability for
sanitation in Gram Panchayats.
• Focused convergence of rural
sanitation with associated Ministries including Health, School Education, Women
and Child Development with NBA.
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