OUTLINE
OF EXTENSION EDUCATION:-
ü It
was the year 1866 in England, where the term “Extension” was first used in the
form of university extension, which was taken up first by Cambridge and Oxford
University. The term Extension education was first used in 1873 by Cambridge
University to describe this particular educational innovation.
ü Historically,
extension means education on farm and in home economics for rural people. The
word extension means, “Ex” meaning out and “Tensio” meaning Stretching. Various
great thinkers and sociologists have given their definition on extension,
ü According
to Ensminger (1957) gave extension as “It is an education and its purpose to
change the attitudes and practices of the people with whom the work is to be
done.
ü According
to leagans (1961) gave extension as “An applied science consisting of content
derived from the research, accumulated field experiences and the relevant
principles drawn from the behavioral sciences synthesized with the useful
technology into body of philosophy,
principles, content and methods focused on the problems of out- of- school
education for adults and youths.
ü According
to National Commission on Agriculture (NCA) which referred extension as “An
out-of-school education and services for the members of the farm family and
others directly or indirectly engaged in the farm production to enable them to
adopt improved practices in production, management, conservation and marketing.
Extension may be defined as the science
of developing the capability of the people for sustainable improvement in their
quality of life.
Important Points-
ü National
extension service was established in the year 1953.
ü The
concept of Panchayati raj was accepted through the recommendations of Balwantrai
Mehta Committee.
ü The
Training and Visit system was first started in India in Rajasthan.
ü For
the first time the extension work was started in USA.
ü T
& V system was developed and given by Daniel Benor in 1974 which was introduced
on pilot basis in Chambal (M.P).
ü TRYSEM
stands for Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment.
ü DWACRA
stands for Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas.
ü Comilla
Project in Bangladesh showed that a two-way channel of communication between
farmers and outside sources of Knowledge is more effective than the one way top
down approach.
ü PURA
Stands for Providing Urban Amenities in rural Areas.
ü SFAC stands for Small Farmers Agri-Business
Consortium.
Importance
of Extension Education:-
ü To
assist the people to discover and analyze their problems and identify their
needs.
ü To
develop the leadership quality and helping them in organizing groups.
ü To
disseminate the economic and research information in an understandable way in
the rural mass.
ü The
extension helps to mobilize and utilize the resources in a sustainable way.
ü It
helps in collection of transmission of feedback information for solving
management problems.
ü Extension
will help in increasing the level of confidence which involves the change in
self reliance.
ü To
bring the desirable changes in the behavior is crucial function of extension.
For this purpose the extension personnel shall continuously seek new
information to make the extension work more effective. The farmers and the home
makers also on their own initiative shall continuously seek means of improving
their farm and home. The task is difficult because the millions of farm
families with little education, scattered in the large areas with their own
beliefs, values, norms, attitudes and resources and constraints are pursuing
diverse enterprise.
Role
of Extension Education:-
ü It
has a role in changing the knowledge level of the farmers on their farms and in
their home.
ü Extension
plays a vital role in changing or developing skills in the technique of doing
the things.
ü Extension
plays has its role in changing the attitudes i.e. the change in the feeling or
reaction towards certain things.
ü It
has the role in changing the understanding or in the comprehension.
ü It
plays a role in changing the goals and the actions taken on it.
ü Extension
has a role in changing the level of confidence by which there will be the
gradual growth and development in the socio economic status of the farmers.
The need for extension
arises out of the fact that the condition of the rural people in general and
the farm people in particular, has got to be improved. There is a gap between
what is the actual situation and what ought to be the desirable situation. This
gap has to be narrowed down by the application of the science and technology in
their enterprises and bringing appropriate changes in their behavior.
(Vaibhav Pramod
Rajdeep)
कोई टिप्पणी नहीं:
एक टिप्पणी भेजें