A Difference between The Man Booker Prize and The Man Booker International Prize

The Man Booker Prize

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is a literary prize awarded each year for the best original full-length novel, written in the English language, by a citizen of the Commonwealth of Nations, Republic of Ireland, or Zimbabwe. The winner of the Man Booker Prize is generally assured of international renown and success; therefore, the prize is of great significance for the book trade.

In contrast to literary prizes in the United States, the Booker Prize is greeted with great anticipation and fanfare. It is also a mark of distinction for authors to be selected for inclusion in the shortlist or even to be nominated for the "long list".

The winner of the Man Booker Prize receives £50,000 and, like all the shortlisted authors, a cheque for £2,500 and a designer bound copy of their book. Fulfilling one of the objectives of the prize - to encourage the widest possible readership for the best in literary fiction - the winner and the shortlisted authors now enjoy a dramatic increase in book sales worldwide.

History

The prize was originally known as the Booker-McConnell Prize, after the company Booker-McConnell began sponsoring the event in 1968. It became commonly known as the "Booker Prize" or simply "the Booker." When administration of the prize was transferred to the Booker Prize Foundation in 2002, the title sponsor became the investment company Man Group, which opted to retain "Booker" as part of the official title of the prize. The foundation is an independent registered charity funded by the entire profits of Booker Prize Trading Ltd., of which it is the sole shareholder. The prize money awarded with the Booker Prize was originally £21,000, and was subsequently raised to £50,000 in 2002 under the sponsorship of the Man Group, making it one of the world's richest literary prizes.

The rules of the Booker changed in 1971; previously, it had been awarded retrospectively to books published prior to the year in which the award was given. In 1971 the year of eligibility was changed to the same as the year of the award; in effect, this meant that books published in 1970 were not considered for the Booker in either year. The Booker Prize Foundation announced in January 2010 the creation of a special award called the "Lost Man Booker Prize," with the winner chosen from a longlist of 22 novels published in 1970. Before, 2001, each year's longlist of nominees was not publicly revealed.

Controversies

In 1972, the winning author John Berger, known for his Marxist worldview, protested during his acceptance speech against Booker McConnell. He blamed Booker's 130 years of sugar production in the Caribbean for the region's modern poverty. Berger donated half of his £5,000 prize to the British Black Panther movement, because they had a socialist and revolutionary perspective in agreement with his own.

In 1980, Anthony Burgess, author of Earthly Powers, refused to attend the ceremony unless it was confirmed to him in advance whether he had won. He was one of two books considered likely to win, the other being Rites of Passage by William Golding. The judges decided only 30 minutes before the ceremony, giving the prize to Golding. Both novels had been seen as favorites to win leading up to the prize and the dramatic "literary battle" between two senior authors made front page news.

In 1993, two of the judges threatened to walk out when Trainspotting appeared on the longlist; Irvine Welsh's cult classic was pulled from the shortlist to satisfy them.

The award has been criticized for the types of books it covers. In 1981, nominee John Banville wrote a letter to The Guardian requesting that the prize be given to him so that he could use the money to buy every copy of the longlisted books in Ireland and donate them to libraries, "thus ensuring that the books not only are bought but also read — surely a unique occurrence."

In 1994, journalist Richard Gott described the prize as "a significant and dangerous iceberg in the sea of British culture that serves as a symbol of its current malaise."

 Judging

The selection process for the winner of the prize commences with the formation of an advisory committee which includes an author, two publishers, a literary agent, a bookseller, a librarian, and a chairperson appointed by the Booker Prize Foundation. The advisory committee then selects the judging panel, the membership of which changes each year, although on rare occasions a judge may be selected a second time. Judges are selected from amongst leading literary critics, writers, academics and leading public figures. The winner is usually announced at a ceremony in London's Guildhall, usually in early October.

Winners

Year	Author	Titel	Genere(s)	Nationality
1969	P. H. Newby	Something to Answer For	Novel	United Kingdom
1970	Bernice Rubens	The Elected Member	Novel	United Kingdom
1970	J. G. Farrell	Troubles	Novel	United Kingdom Ireland
1971	V. S. Naipaul	In a Free State	Short story	United Kingdom Trinidad and Tobago
1972	John Berger	G.	Experimental novel	United Kingdom
1973	J. G. Farrell	The Siege of Krishnapur	Novel	United Kingdom  Ireland
1974	Nadine Gordimer Stanley Middleton	The Conservationist Holiday	Novel Novel	South Africa United Kingdom
1975	Ruth Prawer Jhabvala	Heat and Dust	Historical Novel	United Kingdom Germany
1976	David Storey	Saville	Novel	United Kingdom
1977	Paul Scott	Staying On	Novel	United Kingdom
1978	Iris Murdoch	The Sea, the Sea	Philosophical Novel	Ireland United Kingdom
1979	PenelopeFitzgerald	Offshore	Novel	United Kingdom
1980	William Golding	Rites of Passage	Novel	United Kingdom
1981	Salman Rushdie	Midnight's Children	Magical realism	India United Kingdom
1982	Thomas Keneally	Schindler's Ark	Biographical novel	Australia
1983	J. M. Coetzee	Life & Times of Michael K	Novel	South Africa
1984	Anita Brookner	Hotel du Lac	Novel	United Kingdom
1985	Keri Hulme	The Bone People	Mystery novel	New Zealand
1986	Kingsley Amis	The Old Devils	Comic novel	United Kingdom
1987	Penelope Lively	Moon Tiger	Novel	United Kingdom
1988	Peter Carey	Oscar and Lucinda	Novel	Australia
1989	Kazuo Ishiguro	The Remains of the Day	Historical Novel	United Kingdom Japan
1990	A. S. Byatt	Possession	Novel	United Kingdom
1991	Ben Okri	The Famished Road	Magic realism	Nigeria
1992	Michael Ondaatje Barry Unsworth	The English Patient Sacred Hunger	Historiographic metafiction Historical novel	Canada Srilanka United Kingdom
1993	Roddy Doyle	Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha	Novel	Ireland
1994	James Kelman	How Late It Was, How Late	Stream of consciousness	United Kingdom
1995	Pat Barker	The Ghost Road	War novel	United Kingdom
1996	Graham Swift	Last Orders	Novel	United Kingdom
1997	Arundhati Roy	The God of Small Things	Novel	India
1998	Ian McEwan	Amsterdam	Novel	United Kingdom
1999	J. M. Coetzee	Disgrace	Novel	South Africa
2000	Margaret Atwood	The Blind Assassin	Novel	Canada
2001	Peter Carey	True History of the Kelly Gang	Historical Novel	Australia
2002	Yann Martel	Life of Pi	Fantasy Novel	Canada
2003	DBC Pierre	Vernon God Little	Novel	Australia Mexico
2004	Alan Hollinghurst	The Line of Beauty	Historical Novel	United Kingdom
2005	John Banville	The Sea	Novel	Ireland
2006	Kiran Desai	The Inheritance of Loss	Novel	India
2007	Anne Enright	The Gathering	Novel	Ireland
2008	Aravind Adiga	The White Tiger	Novel	India
2009	Hilary Mantel	Wolf Hall	Historical Novel	United Kingdom
2010	Howard Jacobson	The Finkler Question	Novel	United Kingdom
2011	Julian Barnes	The Sense of an Ending	Novel	United Kingdom
2012	Hilary Mantel	Bring Up the Bodies	Historical Novel	United Kingdom

The Man Booker International Prize

Worth £60,000, the prize is awarded every two years to a living author who has published fiction either originally in English or whose work is generally available in translation in the English language. The winner is chosen solely at the discretion of the judging panel and there are no submissions from publishers.

 It launched in 2005, the Man Booker International Prize has already established itself as a major player in the literary world and has literary excellence as its sole focus.

The Man Booker International Prize is significantly different from the annual Man Booker Prize for Fiction in that it highlights one writer's overall contribution to fiction on the world stage. In seeking out literary excellence, the judges consider a writer's body of work rather than a single novel.

Writers from across the globe are eligible for the bi-annual prize, provided their work is available in English.

While the Man Booker Prize is only open to writers from the Commonwealth, Ireland and Zimbabwe, the International Prize is open to all nationalities. The award is worth £60,000 and an author can only win once. The Man Booker International prize also allows for a separate award for translation. The winning author can choose a translator of their work into English to receive a prize sum of £15,000. A similar prize to the Man Booker International Prize is the Neustadt International Prize for Literature which is like the Man Booker International Prize awarded biennially. In contrast, the Nobel Prize in Literature and the Franz Kafka Prize are both awarded annually.

Award winners

Year	Name	Country	Languages	Literary tradition
2011	Philip Roth	U.S.	English	American
2009	Alice Munro	Canada	English	Canadian
2007	Chinua Achebe	Nigeria	English	Nigerian
2005	Ismail Kadare	Albania	Albanian	Albanian