Indian space programme encompasses research in
areas like astronomy, astrophysics, planetary and earth sciences, atmospheric
sciences and theoretical physics. Balloons, sounding rockets, space platforms
and ground-based facilities support these research efforts. A series of
sounding rockets are available for atmospheric experiments. Several scientific
instruments have been flown on satellites especially to direct celestial X-ray
and gamma-ray bursts.Major space missions are Chandrayaan-l and forthcoming Megha
- Tropiques.
Chandrayaan-l
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Chandrayaan-1, India's first
mission to Moon, was launched successfully on October 22, 2008 from SDSC
SHAR, Sriharikota. The spacecraft was orbiting around the Moon at a height
of 100 km from the lunar surface for chemical, mineralogical and
photo-geologic mapping of the Moon. The spacecraft carries 11 scientific
instruments built in India, USA, UK, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria.After the
successful completion of all the major mission objectives, the orbit has
been raised to 200 km during May 2009.
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Mission
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Remote Sensing, Planetary Science
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Weight
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1380 kg (Mass at lift off)
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Onboard power
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700 Watts
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Stabilization
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3 - axis stabilised using reaction wheel and
attitude control thrusters, sun sensors, star sensors, fibre optic gyros
and accelerometers for attitude determination.
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Payloads
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Scientific Payloads from India
a) Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC)
b) Hyper Spectral Imager (HySI)
c) Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI)
d) High Energy X - ray Spectrometer (HEX)
e) Moon Impact Probe(MIP)
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Scientific Payloads from abroad
f) Chandrayaan-I X-ray Spectrometer (CIXS)
g) Near Infrared Spectrometer (SIR - 2)
h) Sub keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer (SARA)
i) Miniature Synthetic Aperature Radar (Mini SAR)
j) Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)
k) Radiation Dose Monitor (RADOM)
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Launch Date
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22 October 2008
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Launch Site
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SDSC, SHAR, Sriharikota
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Launch Vehicle
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PSLV - C11
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Orbit
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100 km x 100 km : Lunar Orbit
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Mission life
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2 years
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SROSS-C2
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Second satellite successfully orbited by ASLV. Worked for four
years after its launch.
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Mission
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Experimental
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Weight
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115 kg
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Onboard power
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45 Watts
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Communication
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S-band and VHF
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RCS
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Monopropellant Hydrazine based
with six
1 Newton thrusters
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Payload
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Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) &
Retarding
Potential Analyser (RPA)
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Launch date
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May 04,1994
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Launch site
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SHAR Centre,Sriharikota,India
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Launch vehicle
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Augmented Satellite Launch
Vehicle (ASLV)
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Orbit
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430 x 600 km.
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Inclination
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45 deg.
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Mission life
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Six months (nominal)
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Orbital life
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Two years (nominal)
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SROSS-C
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First satellite successfully orbited by ASLV
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Mission
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Experimental
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Weight
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106.1 kg
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Onboard power
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45 Watts
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Communication
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S-band and VHF
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Stabilization
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Spin stabilized with a Magnetic
Torquer and Magnetic Bias Control
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Payload
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Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) experiment
& Retarding Potential Analyser (RPA) experiment
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Launch date
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May 20,1992
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Launch site
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SHAR Centre,Sriharikota,India
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Launch vehicle
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Augmented Satellite Launch
Vehicle (ASLV)
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Orbit
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267 x 391 km
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Mission life
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Two months (Re-entered on
July15,1992)
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SROSS-1
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This satellite was launched onboard the first developmental a
flight of ASLV. It did not reach the orbit.
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Mission
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Experimental
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Weight
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150 kg
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Onboard power
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90 Watts
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Communication
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S-band and VHF
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Stabilization
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Three axis body stabilized
(biased momentum) with a Momentum Wheel and Magnetic Torquer
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Propulsion system
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Monopropellant (Hydrazine based)
Reaction
control system
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Payload
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Launch Vehicle Monitoring
Platform(LVMP),
Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) payload and
Corner Cube Retro Reflector (CCRR) for laser tracking
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Launch date
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March 24, 1987
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Launch site
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SHAR Centre, Sriharikota, India
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Launch vehicle
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Augmented Satellite Launch
Vehicle (ASLV)
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Orbital life
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Not realised
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